The Element – Carbon
| Atomic Number: | 6 |
| Atomic Weight: | 12.0107 |
| Element Classification: | Non-Metal |
| Period Number: | 2 |
| Group Number: | 14 |
| Group Name: | None |
| Density (Graphite): | 2.2670g/cm³ |
| Phase at Room Temperature: | Solid |
| Melting Point (K): | 3820 |
| Boiling Point (K): | 5100 |
| Appearance (Carbon Black): | Dense, Black |
| Atomic Volume (cc/mol): | 5.3 |
| Ionic Radius: | 16 (+4e) 260 (-4e) |
| Specific Heat (@20°C J/g mol): | 0.711 |
| Debye Temperature (°K): | 1860 |
| Pauling Negativity Number: | 2.55 |
| First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): | 1085.7 |
| Oxidation States: | 4, 2, -4 |
| Lattice Structure: | Diagonal |
| Lattice Constant (Å): | 3.57 |
| Crystal Structure: | Hexagonal |
| Electronegativity (Pauling Scale): | 2.55 |
| Atomic Radius: | 70 pm |
| Atomic Radius (calc.): | 67 pm |
| Covalent Radius: | 77 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius: | 170 pm |
| Magnetic Ordering: | Diamagnetic |
| Thermal Conductivity (300 K) (Graphite): | (119–165) W·m−1·K−1 |
| Thermal Conductivity (300 K) (Crystallized Carbon): | (900–2320) W·m−1·K−1 |
| Thermal Diffusivity (300 K) (Crystallized Carbon): | (503–1300) mm²/s |
| Mohs Hardness (Graphite): | 1-2 |
| Mohs Hardness (Crystallized Carbon): | 10.0 |
| CAS Registry Number: | 7440-44-0 |
| Ionization Energy: | 11.260 eV |
| Oxidation States: | +4, +2, -4 |
| Electron Shell Configuration: | 1s² |
| 2s² 2p² |
References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry (1952)
What’s in a name? From the Latin word for charcoal, carbo.
Say what? Carbon is pronounced as KAR-ben.
